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China's Biomass Energy

Author： Published：04/17/2014 Source：网络

China leads the world in its energy reservation and is the second largest energy producer and consumer in the world. It is estimated that China has 4000 billion tons of potential primary energy reservation. However, per capita energy resource quantity and consuming quantity is far smaller than the world average level. The main characteristics of China's energy exploration and utilization are as follows.

1. Coal is the primary energy; exploration and utilization of renewable resources is supplementary. China's explored reserves of coal resource accounts for over 90% of the primary energy total, such as coal, oil, natural gas, water energy and nuclear energy. Coal is dominant id China's energy production and consumption. on.
2. Energy consumption volume is increasing while energy utilization efficiency is comparatively low. As the economic scale expands, China's energy consumption is on the constant increase. Under the influences of capital, technology, energy price, etc, China's energy utilization efficiency is far lower than that of the developed countries. Energy comprehensive utilization efficiency is 32% and the overall energy systematic efficiency 9.3%. These numbers are only half of the developed country level.
3. With the sustained increase of energy consumption, the coal-dominant energy structure has caused urban air pollution while with the excessive consumption of bio-mass energy giving rise to ecological destruction, the pressure on ecological environment is more and more severe. According to the World Bank, the economic loss caused by air and water pollution in China, approximately accounts for 3%--8% of GNP.
4. The energy structure is getting more and more pluralized. By the middle of the 1990’s, energy self-sufficiency rate was 98%, while at present China is the second largest crude oil importer only after USA.

The rapid development of China’s economy is based on the sufficient supply of energy, however, the higher-than-normal oil price on the international market together with China's ever-increasing energy demand will be a serious subject faced with China's development road.

More than 3200 places of terrestrial heat have been discovered in China, 225 of them could be used for power generation. It is estimated that the exploitable reserve of terrestrial heat in China is equal to the power of 462.65 billion tons of standard coal. In recent years, the use of terrestrial heat in our country has increased by 7%.

China will adopt the sustainable energy development strategy of an “energy saving prioritized, plural structured, and environment friendly” nature in the coming 20 years. We will adopt the international energy strategy and strive to quadruple GDP with double energy consumption with the help of mechanism innovation and technological advancement. The following specific goals are expected to reach under the sustained energy development strategy: energy consumption of per unit GNP will be reduced by 20% on the level of the end of the 10th five-year plan; primary energy demand will be less than 2.5 billion tons of standard coal by 2020, saving 0.8 billion tons; coal consumption ratio is controlled under 60%, renewable energy utilization reaches 525 million standard coal (power generation by renewable energy stands at 100 million kilowatt); oil importing reliance is controlled under around 60%; the reduction rate of main pollutants is 45%--60%.

The Development of New Energy in China

New energy and renewable energy only started to develop in China. As pointed out in the Annual Report of China’s New Energy Industry released in January, 2007, China will largely increase the rate of new energy such as wind power, solar power, and biomass power in the overall energy consumption. The report says, our first step is; the new energy installed capacity will be 120 million kw by 2020, that is 12% of China’s total installed power capacity. We will have a boost of power generation by using wind, bio-energy and solar energy. The second step is; the percentage of new energy consumption will increased dramatically comparing to other kind of energies. By 2050, the new energy will account for 30%--40% of the total energy demand of China. Now l would like to give you a brief introduction on wind power, biomass energy, solar energy and terrestrial energy in China.

Wind Power

There are abundant wind power within our huge territory and along our long coastline. According to the survey of China meteorological Academy, based on the results of 900 weather stations, there is 253 million kw of wind power reserve 10 m below our earth. There is a great potential of wind power in the coastal area of eastern China 2---15 meters below sea level. Therefor ,we have a promising future in wind power generation there.

Compiled by China Energy Comprehensive Use Association and European Wind Power Society, in a Report named Wind Force 12 in China, it is expected that China will have 40 million kw of wind power capacity in 2020, if it could develop fully. Then, the wind power will go beyond nuclear power and become the third largest power source in China. If that is true, China’s annual wind power generation would go up to 80 billion kwh, it could be enough for 80 million people. Meantime, it would reduce 48 million tons of CO2 emission.

The report also says that China will need over 25 thousand of large wind generators by the year 2020, wind power sale will increase to more than 300 billion yuan, that will create at least 150 thousand of job opportunities. It indicates that in the past 5 years, the cost of wind power will reduce by 20%, its technology cost is one of the lowest which can be decreased among the renewable energies.

Biomass energy

According to the Outline for Mid-- long Term Development of Renewable Energy in China, the goal of renewable energy development in the next 15 years is: By 2020, the renewable energy will occupy 16% in the energy structure of China. Among them, the production of ethanol is going up to 10 million tons; bio-diesel fuel 2 million tons; and the major part of the biomass energy development target are bio-energy power generation, Firedamp projects biomass liquid fuel and Biomass solid fuel. The biomass project in China has made great progress now, but it is still in an initial stages.

According to the Supporting Policy of Bio-energy and Bio-chemistry development jointly promulgated by several ministries, China will give favorable treatments to support biomass energy development in the following aspects: setting up risk fund system, providing flexible loss subsidy; subsidies for raw material bases and demonstration projects; tax reduction is included. We can predict that the biomass energy in China will be developed rapidly in years to come.

Terrestrial Energy

12604.6 GWH of terrestrial heat till 2005 with an installed capacity of 3687 MWT, which rank number 1 and number 3 in the world respectively. We use the high heat to generate power and low middle heat to daily purposes. Three thermo-power plants have been build in Tibet now, the total installed capacity in China is 29 mw. Terrestrial heat Floors have seen both economical and environmental benefit in the northern part of China as well as in big or medium cities such as: Beijing, Tianjin, Xi’an and Anshan. It is growing fast in agricultural areas like green house (terrestrial),breed aquatics, irrigation, in health care, recreation and tourism, too.

China tops the world in utilization of terrestrial heat, but it is only 0.5% of our total energy. Terrestrial power is only 0.35% of the world total generation. We still have a long way to go in developing and utilizing the terrestrial heat.

Ocean Energy

Experts have pointed out, while we are exploring petroleum, natural gas, coal and petrification energy, China ought to focus on the future, exploring the promising ocean energy. The clean, renewable ocean energy is the key source of solving the global energy problem, exploiting of ocean energy has been aroused much attention in USA, UK and Australia, some of the experiments have entered a phase of trial operation and evaluation. However, China, Japan and other eastern Asian counties have not realized the true meaning of ocean energy exploration.

China’s Energy Strategy

In order to achieve the goal of building a well-off society and face the severe challenge of the long-term energy development, it is of overriding significance for China to adopt the right energy development strategy. Drawing upon the successful experiences of the developed countries and also proceeding from its national condition, China will establish a long and middle term sustainable energy strategy that is in accordance with increasing energy efficiency and protecting the environment.

Sino-German BioEnergy Annual Conference 2024

China's Biomass Energy

Author： Published：04/17/2014 Source：网络